RESUMO
Background: Mental health patients with self-stigma often loss their self-esteem
The objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of mental illnesses stigma and its association with quality of life in adult Saudi patients attending the out patient's in psychiatry department in King Fahad University Hospital at Al Khobar, KSA
Methods: This is a cross sectional study. A demographic data including age, sex, marital status and occupation were collected in addition to a 32 question-based questionnaire with different variables divided into three parts; To gain further perspective on discrimination experienced by persons with mental illness. To study rejection experienced by mentally ill patients. To evaluate the patients coping ways to stigma which characterized by secrecy, avoidance and withdrawal, and advocacy and confrontation
Results: There were 71 [34.6%] women, 112 [54.6%] men. About third [36.6%] of respondent agrees that people think of mentally ill patients as untrustworthy. Almost half of them [44.9%] disagree that people find them dangerous. The same percent [44.9%] agree that people take them less seriously.41.5% of them feel that people avoid them. More than half of them 51.2% disagree that someone will not take them as close friend. But 54.6% didn't feel any avoidance from relative, neighbors or colleagues [missing data 11.2%]. 67.8% also, didn't feel any avoidance from family members. More than half [55.1%] tries to hide the fact that they are mentally ill and 72.2% will not avoid getting married or starting a family because of their mental illness history
Conclusion: Our study indicated that most of mental health patients in our community have experienced moderate to severe level of stigma. Future researches are needed to study the prevalence of stigma and rejection in mental health patients allover Saudi Arabia. Community awareness campaigns to raise the knowledge that mental illness is a disease like other body diseases and there is no shame of being mental health patient
RESUMO
Background: Pain assessment in ICU patients turns out to be a daily challenge for the attending teams, particularly in those patients who are intubated endotracheally; on mechanical ventilation or analgosedated as such patients are unable to self-assess existence and intensity of pain. Guidelines to identify pain in these patients are crucial for physicians for effective management
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1994, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: pain management in ICU, pain in ICU, pain assessment by behavior, pain assessment in intubated patients
Aim: Our aim in this study was to understand how to assess and manage pain in an intensive care unit patient, particularly those patients who are unable to self-report or assess
Conclusion: Physical clues given by comatose or intubated patients in critical care unit must be used as a method to identify existence of pain, and must be managed effectively to decrease discomfort and prevent short and long term adverse effects